The Potential for Cannibalization of New Products Sales by Remanufactured Products*

The potential for cannibalization of new product sales by remanufactured versions of the same product is a central issue in the continuing development of closed‐loop supply chains. Practitioners have no fact‐based information to guide practice at firms and academics have no studies available to use as the basis for assumptions in models. We address the cannibalization issue by using auctions to determine consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for both new and remanufactured products. The auctions also allow us to better understand the potential impact of offering new and remanufactured products at the same time, which provides us insights into the potential for new product cannibalization. Our results indicate that, for the consumer and commercial products auctioned, there is a clear difference in WTP) for new and remanufactured goods. For the consumer product, there is scant overlap in bidders between the new and remanufactured products, leading us to conclude that the risk of cannibalization in this case is minimal. For the commercial product, there is evidence of overlap in bidding behavior, exposing the potential for cannibalization.     

供应链中信用交易的演化博弈分析

本文运用演化博弈理论研究了供应链中信用交易的演化过程,建立了供应商和零售商信用交易的演化博弈模型。分析了两类个体在守信与失信两种策略下的行为特征,根据复制者动态方程得到了两者的行为演化规律和政府失信惩罚机制下的行为演化和演化稳定策略,给出了从根本上消灭失信动机的惩罚区间,分析了政府失信惩罚机制的有效性,探寻国内信用制度建设的发展路径。最后,通过数值分析证明了结论的正确性。     

投资组合的行业集中度与基金业绩研究

本文探讨了投资组合的行业集中度与基金业绩之间的关系。采用Kacperczyk等的方法测量各基金的投资组合在13个行业中的资产配置情况,我们发现基金投资组合的行业集中度与基金业绩之间存在显著的负向关系,这说明行业集中度更高的基金业绩落后于那些实行分散化投资的基金。最后,不同子样本期间的考察表明结论是稳健的。因此,我们建议基金经理人在执行更为集中的行业投资策略时,应该保持谨慎的态度。     

四方控制权制衡、自由现金流量与过度投资行为

目前关于过度投资的研究主要集中在债务融资对过度投资行为的影响上,关于公司控制权制衡与过度投资行为关系的研究基本还是空白。本文通过对自由现金流量和过度投资行为的进一步分析,从控制权制衡角度出发,构建以股东、董事会、监事会和债权人四方为主的过度投资行为制衡模型,研究我国上市公司控制权制衡、自由现金流量与过度投资行为之间的关系。     

控股股东自利行为选择与上市公司股权制衡关系研究——基于股权结构的内外生双重属性

本文通过检定公司股权结构的内外生双重属性以及探索公司股权制衡的影响作用,研究了我国上市公司控股股东自利行为的选择与股权制衡之间的关系。站在股权结构外生性的角度,股权制衡能够制约控股股东与其控制上市公司之间的关联交易以及侵占型关联交易行为,但无法制约上市公司的派现行为,主要是因为公司中小股东把关联交易而不把派现视为控股股东的自利行为;站在股权结构内生性的角度,股权制衡受到控股股东的自利行为的影响,表现为关联交易使得中小股东对控股股东的制衡作用增强,但上市公司派现行为降低了这一制衡作用,而且在考虑股权结构内生性的情况下,股权制衡度对控股股东自利行为的制约作用减弱甚至消失。     

网络能力、资源获取与新企业绩效关系实证研究

网络能力是在网络导向驱动下,利用关系技巧和合作技巧进行一系列网络构建和网络管理活动,以实现资源获取目标的能力.在中国转型经济时期,网络能力对于新企业克服资源约束,实现生存和成长具有重要作用.拓展了网络能力的理论内涵,将网络能力划分为网络导向、网络构建和网络管理三个维度,建立了网络能力、资源获取与新创企业绩效关系模型,以322家新企业为样本进行实证分析.研究结果表明,网络导向对网络构建和网络管理具有显著正影响,网络构建和网络管理对知识资源获取和运营资源获取具有正影响,知识资源与新企业绩效显著正相关,知识资源获取对运营资源获取具有正影响.研究结论还表明运营资源对新企业绩效无显著影响,但知识资源可以加强两者之间关系,说明新企业只有具备很强的资源管理能力才能将运营资源转化为企业绩效.     

突发事件对零售企业顾客购买行为的影响研究

近年来社会性突发事件频频发生,给零售企业的经营实践带来极大挑战.本文以2008年的社会性突发事件为例,以北京某百货商场的287名会员顾客作为样本群体,深入研究突发事件对零售企业顾客购买行为的影响,通过研究工作总结出了研究突发事件的一般框架,并发现不同突发事件对零售企业顾客购买行为的影响在时效、对象和内容等方面具有不同特征.最后讨论了研究结论对零售企业管理实践的意义.     

Scheduling Truck Arrivals at an Air Cargo Terminal

We consider the scheduling of truck arrivals at an air cargo terminal. By coordinating arrivals of cargo delivery trucks with outbound flight departure schedules, some of the shipments can be transferred directly to the departing flights, while others will be stored at the terminal's storage facility and incur extra handling and storage costs. The objective is to obtain a feasible schedule so as to minimize the total cost of operations. We formulate the problem as a time‐indexed integer program and show that, even with limited number of unloading docks at the terminal, the problem is non‐trivial (NP‐hard in the strong sense). Our solution method includes an exact solution procedure to determine an optimal unloading sequence for the shipments carried by each truck, together with a Lagrangian relaxation‐based heuristic for assigning trucks to truck docks and determining truck arrival times. We conducted computational experiments to test the performance of our solution method. Computational results show that our method can generate near‐optimal solutions efficiently. Our simulation results indicate that the scheduling approach proposed in this paper has the potential to generate significant cost savings over a first‐come, first‐served approach currently used at the air cargo terminal that we observed.     

Optimal Planning Quantities for Product Transition

The replacement of an existing product with a new one presents many challenges. In particular, uncertainties in a new product introduction often lead to extreme cases of demand and supply mismatches. This paper addresses inventory planning decisions for product upgrades when there is no replenishment opportunity during the transition period. We allow product substitution: when a company runs out of the old product, a customer may be offered the new product as a substitute. We show that the optimal substitution decision is a time‐varying threshold policy and establish the optimal planning policy. Further, we determine the optimal delay in a new product introduction, given the initial inventory of the old product.     

考虑环境效应的中国省际全要素能源效率研究

从系统论的角度出发,将能源利用的环境影响纳入全要素能源效率研究框架.运用2000年～2007年中国省际面板数据,以资本存量、从业人员总数和能源消费为投入指标,各省份GDP,CO_2和S0_2排放量为好和坏的产出指标,选取基于投入导向的BC～2-DEA模型,测算包含环境效应的中国省际全要素能源效率,并分析比较全国整体、各省份和三大地区的能效差异;给出2000年～2007年中国省际能源利用效率的4类模式,并采用Tobit模型检验中国全要素能源效率的影响因素.实证分析结果表明,中国全要素能源效率整体水平偏低,各省份、三大地区的能源效率差异显著,节能减排潜力巨大;技术进步、经济结构和能源消费结构的优化对提高能源效率有显著促进作用,市场化水平和能源价格的提升对提高能源效率有积极影响,但是目前这两种机制作用尚未充分发挥.